Explosive-engine.



W. C. HAMAN.

\ x BXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 26, 1912.

1,067,915. Patented July 22, 1913.

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EXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

.APPLIOATION FILED AUG.2G,1912.

1,06%915, Patented July 22,1913.

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W. C. HAMAN.

BXPLOSIVE ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED AUG.26, 1912.

Patented July 22, 1913.

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WILLIAM CHARLEY HAMAN, or sacnamnmio, oaLIFoanIA.

EXPLOSIVE-ENGIN-E.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed August 26, 1912. SerialNo. 717,144.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM C. 'HAMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at .Sacramento, in the county. of Sacramento and State of California, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Ex- 'plosive-Engines; and I do declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description' of the invention, such as will enable 'others skilled in the art'to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The present-invention relates to internal combustion engines, and more especially to the valves for admitting the charge and exhausting the products of combustion; and theobject of the same is to mount said valves incasings which latter are datachably connected with the cylinder heads, so that when taken off the valves come with them and can be quickly repaired or removed from their casings as for grinding, etc.

1 It is well known that in mostof the popular types-of gasolene engines access to the valve heads is gained through an opening in valves of a the cylinder which must be closed by a plug or capyand of course thls needs to be removed before thevalve can be withdrawn or "can" even be reached. Theoretically it is no more work to remove the valve by unscrewmg. 1ts casing from an opening 1n the cylinder, than it would be to remove such a plug or cap, and I consider that the added work of disconnectingthe casings from the manifolds is compensated for by the facility with which all parts may be handled after the .valve casings are taken out of the engine.

One of the objects of the present invention may therefore besaid to be to render the gasolene enginemore readily accessible.

.With this and other objects inview, the

invention consists of certain novel features of construction, combination and arrange: ment-of parts as will be fully described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings :-F igure -1 is a side view of my improved engine;

Fig. 2 is a similarview, taken at right angles to Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a central vertical section of the cylinder and the intake and discharge valves Fig. 4 is a horizontal section of the wupperihead of the, cylinder and the upper .intake and exhaust valves, showing alsothe position of the cam for operatingthe ex haust valve when the intake valve is open; and .Fig. 5' is'a similar view, showing the PatentedJuly2 2, 1913.

position of the cam for opening the exhaust valve on the-upstroke of the engine.

My improved engine comprises a cylinder 1 having" the usual radiating ribs or flanges 2 and having its ends closed by upper and lower hollow heads 3 and 4 into which are removably inserted the elbow-pipes carrying the intake and'exhaust valves hereinafter described. 7 f

The cylinder 1 is supported at a suitable elevation on a base 5 by a series ofstandards 6. The standards 6 have a threaded-engagement at their lower ends with the threaded sockets in the base 5 and at their upper ends are engaged with a cylinder supporting plate 7 to which said standardsare secured by clamping nuts 8. The cylinder- -l and the heads 3 and 4 are securely fastened securely fastened to the latter by nuts 12, as

shown. The upper ends of the rods are secured in the lugs 10 byclamping nuts 13. The cylinder 1 when'thus arranged will be securely held in operative position on the base 5, and the space between the base 5 and thecylinder attaching plate 7 ahdwithin the standards 6 is inclosed by a suitable casing 14 to form a crank chamber, as shown.

Slidably-mounted in'the cylinder 1 is a double acting piston 15,. the piston rod 16* of which projects and'works through a stuffing box 17 in the lower head 41- of the cylinder and is connected at its lower end to a cross head 18. The cross head 18 is connectedbya pitman rod 19 to thecrank 2O of thedrive shaft 21 of the engine and said cross head works between vertical guides 18 as shown. The shaft. 21 is revolubly mounted in suitable hearings on the base of the engine and projects through the casing of the crank chamber; On one end of the shaft 21 is fixed a spur gear 22, which is operatively connected with a valve actuating mechanism, hereinafter described. On the opposite end of the drive shaft may be mounted adrive. pulley. or fly-wheel 21.

In one side of. the upper cylinder head'3 is formed. a threaded inlet port 23 into which is screwed, the threaded inner end of an intake elbow 24, the same'b'eing screwed therein until a flange 24 thereon contacts with the shell of the head, and held against unscrewing by pins or screws 25 inserted through said flange and-into the head as seen in Figs. 4 and 5. The outer arm of said elbow 24 is. connected by a union or coupling 240- with the intake pipe or one arm of the manifold 241 leading from the carburetor. In the inner extremity of said elbow is formed a valve seat 25 against which is adapted to close the head 26 of the intake valve, whose stem 26 extends outward along the axis of this arm of the elbow, passes slidably through a boss 28, and has a nut or other form of head 27 a at its outer extremity; and on said stembetween this boss and nut is coiled an expansive spring 28. In the opposite side of the head 3 in similar manner is formed a threaded exhaust port 29 into which screws the threaded end of the exhaust elbow 30 having a similar flange 34 held in place by screws 35, while the outer arm of this elbow is connected by a union or coupling 340 with the exhaust pipe or the arm 341 of the exhaust manifold. The inner end of the inner arm of this elbow 30 is provided with a valve seat 31 against which closes a valve head 32 Whose stem 33 projects straight outward through the back of the elbow and receives a cross,

head 34 removably held thereon by any suitable means such as a screw 37 As seen in Fig. 3, the cross head 34 extends to op-' posite sides of this elbow and is pierced with eyes 35 slidably mounted on guide rods 35 whose inner ends are seated in the flange 34 and on said rods between the flange and the extremities of the cross head are mounted coiled expansive springs 36. Thus it will be seen that all springs are entirely exposed on the exterior of the engine cylinder, and they are within ready reach where they can be inspected, repaired, and their tension ad-. justed. I find one spring 28 ordinarily suflicient to close the intake valve, but prefer to use two rather larger and stronger springs 36 to close the exhaust valv,e-the reason being because the former is opened by suction and closed by compression and explosion, whereas the latter is opened positively by the means hereinafter described but must be closed very quickly and firmly when the high point of the opening cam has closed position. 'In the opposite side of the head 4 is an exhaust port 29, over which is secured the inner end .of a gas discharge elbow 30 having in its inner end a valve seat '31. Engaged with the valve seat 31 is a lower exhaust valve 32 having a stem 33 which projects through the opposite side of the elbow and is connected with a cross head 34. In the ends of the cross head 34 are guide apertures, with which are engaged spring guiding and holding rods 35, the inner ends of which are secured to flanges on the inner end of the exhaust pipe. On the rods 35' are arranged coiled valveclosing springs 36, the pressure of which is applied to the cross head 35 to cause the same and the valve stem 33, to close and hold the exhaust valve 32 in a closed position until opened by a valve operating mechanism hereinafter described.

The operating mechanism for the exhaust valves 32 and 32 comprises a vertically-disposed cam operating shaft 37 which is revolubly-mounted in suitable bearing brackets 38 secured to the flanges of the exhaust pipes 30 and 30, and has fixedly-mounted thereon opposite the cross head 34 of the upper exhaust valve, a valve opening cam 39, and on the shaft opposite to the cross head of the lower exhaust valve is fixedly mounted a lower valve operating cam 40. The cams 39 are provided with. collars 41 having set screws 42,- whereby the cams are adjustably secured to the shaft 37 to permit the cams to be arranged in such relative position that they will actuate the exhaust valves at the proper time. By this arrangement it will be observed that all cams are on the exterior of the engine where they are readily accessible and may be set, repaired, or replaced at will. The shaft 37 is revolubly mounted at its lower ends in a bearing bracket, and has fixedly mounted on said end a beveled gear 43 which is in operative engagement with'a similar gear 44 on a power transmitting shaft 45 mounted in a suitable bearing 46 onthe base 5 ofthe engine. On the outer end of the shaft 45 is fixed a spur gear 47,.which is connected by a suitably mounted idle gear 48 with the spur-gear 22 on the adjacent end of the crank or drive shaft of the engine. By thus connecting the cam operating shaft 37 with the crank shaft of the engine, said shaft will be operated for actuating the came 39 and 40 at proper speed.

In the upper end or top of the head 3 is formed a threaded aperture 50, in which is secured an upper spark plug 51, while in one side'of the lower head 4 is arranged a threaded aperture 52, in which is secured a lower sparking plug 53. By constructing and arranging the heads 3 and 4 as herein shown and described, it will be seen that said heads provide explosive chambers at having ind'ependently operating intake and automatically close.

exhaust valves and independent sparking. plugs, the operation of all ofwhich parts is properly timed to take in, explode, and discharge the fuel, whereby the piston will be driven in first one direction and then the other in the cylinder. I

In the operation of the engine, assuming that an explosion has just occurred in the. upper head 3, said explosion driving the.

piston downwardly in the cylinder. When the piston has nearly reached the limit of its down stroke, the upper cam 39 will have been brought into position to open the upper exhaust valve 32, which will permit the burnt gases in the cylinder and upper head to escape. When the piston has reached the limit of its down stroke, the circuit of the sparking mechanism in the lower head will be closed and the compressed charge of fuel in thishead ignited and ex loded, whereupon the piston. will be force back into the cylinder, thereby driving the burnt gases out of the cylinder and head 3 through the open exhaust valve 32, which will' then When thepiston has reached the limit of this up stroke, the momentum of the fly Wheel will carry the piston back on its down stroke, which operation will draw a fresh supply of fuel into the upper head 3 through the upper intake valve 26. This down stroke of the piston will also drive the burnt gases out of the lower end and head of the cylinder through the exhaust valve in this head which has been previously opened by the valve operating mechanism hereinbefore described. When the piston has reached the limit of this down stroke, the exhaust valve of the lower head will be automatically closed and the momentum of the fly wheel will carry the piston back up in the cylinder, thus drawing a fresh supply of fuel into the lower end and head of the cylinder. This upstroke of the piston will also compress the fuel drawn into the upper end and head of the cylinder on the previous down stroke. When the piston has reached the limit of this up stroke, the sparking circuit of the upper spark plug will be closed and the compressed fuel in the upperhead ignited and exploded, thereby driving the piston back down in the cylinder. This operation of the piston will be continued or repeated as long as fuel is supplied to the cylinder.

An engine valve and its casing as thus constructed has the advantage of possessing the possibilities of accessibility and detachability. If we assume that something happens to one of the intake valves, in order to get at it the operator needs only detach the coupling 240 and remove the screws 25, then rotate the elbow 24: until its threaded inner end unscrews out of the port 23; and

the valve and its seat and .casing come off in his hand sothat the parts may be ground, repaired, or replaced at will; after which the parts are restored to their operative posi tion by a reversal of thiszp-rocess. While the valve casing or elbow Qfis removedthe ,operator also has a chance to inspectthe valve head opposite thereto and/1 116 adjacentend of the manifold 241, and if the trouble be at either of these points he can see it. :If it becomes necessary to takeoff one-of the exhaust valves, he'first detaches the screws 38 and removes theybrackets 38 so that the entire cam shaftf37 with its cams and gear 43 come off in his hand; then he detaches the coupling 340' and removes the screws 35 and rotates the elbow30 until its threaded inner end unscrews, and the entire outlet valve and its casing and springs come off in his hand, and this without having removed the other elbow and its valve. The parts may then be ground, repaired, or replaced, after which they are restored to their operative position by a reversal of this process. Attention is directed to the extreme accessibility possessed by the con struction above described, and to the further fact that the entire cam shaft and its parts are on the exterior of the engine and in full View so that it is possible to inspect, adjust, or even replace a cam without removing any of the valves.

From the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, the construction and operation of the invention will be readily understood without requiring a more extended explanation.

Various changes in the form, proportion and the minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the principle or sacrificing any. of the advan on the latter; of an exhaust valve at each end of the cylinder comprising a casing of elbow-shape having its inner end externally threaded and adapted to be screwed into one of the o enings in said cylinder and its body provided with a flange just outside said threads, the flange provided with holes for screws, its inner extremity having a valve seat and the rear wall of its'elbow being provided with a perforation opposite the axis of said seat, the valve adapted to close upon the'latter, the stem leading there-' from through said perforation, a cross head ad uStably mounted on its outer end and having eyes near its extremities, rods "In testimony whereof I have hereunto set mounted in 531d flange and pr0 ect1ng my hand in presence of two subscribing wit- 10 loosely through said eyes, expansive springs nesses.

coiled on the rods between the fian 'e and I 5 cross head, a bracket having a bearing at YVILLIAM CHARLEY HAMAN' its outer end for the cam shaft, and a screw Witnesses:

detachably securing its inner end to said R. W. PniRsoN,

flange, for the purpose set forth. E. I. MAoKAnL.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, I). C. e 

